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The Struve family (pronounced (:ˈʃtʁuvə) in German, (:ˈstruvɪ) in Russian) were a dynasty of five generations of astronomers from the 18th to 20th centuries. Members of the family were also prominent in chemistry, government and diplomacy. ==Origins== The first branch of the family that produced five generations of astronomers originated in Altona, then part of both Denmark and Germany 〔"Altona was chartered in 1664 as a free port in the Duchy of Holstein which, while a German state, was in personal union with the Danish crown until 1864, and a Danish royal mint was located there. After an interim administration in 1864–66, it passed to Prussia in 1866 and was incorporated into the city-state of Hamburg in 1937." see William D. Craig, ''Coins of the World 1750-1850'', 3rd edition, pp. 91, 92, 162, 214. Racine, Wisconsin: Western Publishing Company, Inc., 1976.〕 The first scientist member of the family was mathematician Jacob Struve (1755–1841); his forebears included Johann Struve (1700–1778) and Abel Struve (1719–1762). In 1783, Jacob Struve married Maria Emerentia Wiese (1764–1847). Their children were:〔V. K. Abalkin ''et al.'' (Struve dynasty ) (in Russian), St. Petersburg University〕 *Carl Struve (1785–1838) *Ernst Struve (1786–1822) *Gustav Struve (1788–1829) *Christina Struve (1791–1853) *Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve (1793–1864) *Ludwig Struve (1795–1828) *Johanna Struve (1797–1871) In the beginning of 19th century, Jacob Struve sent his sons to Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) in the Russian Empire to avoid conscription in the Napoleonic armies. His fourth son, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm, taught at the University of Dorpat from 1813 and full professor and director of Dorpat Observatory from 1820. Ennobled by Tsar Nicholas I, at whose request he supervised construction of Pulkovo Observatory, he served as director of the new observatory from 1839 to 1862.〔〔David Abbott (gen. ed.), ''The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists'', () Astronomers, p. 149. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1984.〕 Friedrich Georg Wilhelm married Emilie Wall (1796–1834) in 1815. They had 12 children, including the following: *Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819–1905), astronomer *Genrikh Struve (1822–1908), chemist *Berngard Vasilyevich Struve (1827–1889), government official in Siberia and later governor of Perm and Astrakhan. Following the death of his first wife, he married Johanna Henrietta Francisca Barthels (1807–1867). They had six children, including Karl von Struve (1835–1907), diplomat.〔 Jacob Struve's cousin, Anton Sebastian von Struve, was President of the German Eternal Imperial Diet at Regensburg and later a Russian Imperial Provy Councillor. He and his wife, née Johanne Dorothea Werner, were the parents of:〔 *Catherina Elisabetha von Struve (1759–1838) *Johann Christoph Gustav von Struve (1763–1828)〔In such compound German names, the name closest the surname was commonly used. Thus, Johann Christoph Gustav von Struve was known as Gustav von Struve, and Johann Georg von Struve was known as Georg von Struve.〕 *Johann Georg von Struve (1766–1831) *Johann Christian von Struve (1768–1812) *August Wilhelm von Struve (1770–1838) *Heinrich Christoph Gottfried von Struve (1772–1851) *Albrecht von Struve (1774–1794) *Philippine Rosina Elisabetha von Struve (1775–1819) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Struve family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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